--- product_id: 9242661 title: "Warrant and Proper Function" brand: "alvin plantinga" price: "605 zł" currency: PLN in_stock: true reviews_count: 7 url: https://www.desertcart.pl/products/9242661-warrant-and-proper-function store_origin: PL region: Poland --- # Warrant and Proper Function **Brand:** alvin plantinga **Price:** 605 zł **Availability:** ✅ In Stock ## Quick Answers - **What is this?** Warrant and Proper Function by alvin plantinga - **How much does it cost?** 605 zł with free shipping - **Is it available?** Yes, in stock and ready to ship - **Where can I buy it?** [www.desertcart.pl](https://www.desertcart.pl/products/9242661-warrant-and-proper-function) ## Best For - alvin plantinga enthusiasts ## Why This Product - Trusted alvin plantinga brand quality - Free international shipping included - Worldwide delivery with tracking - 15-day hassle-free returns ## Description Warrant and Proper Function ## Images ![Warrant and Proper Function - Image 1](https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51Eq3DSPf9L.jpg) ![Warrant and Proper Function - Image 2](https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/51a9rrIc51L.jpg) ![Warrant and Proper Function - Image 3](https://m.media-amazon.com/images/I/31yBd+W7BlL.jpg) ## Customer Reviews ### ⭐⭐⭐⭐ The Vindication of Thomas Reid *by J***B on Reviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on January 9, 2015* Plantinga begins by examining the Gettier-type problems that internalist accounts of knowledge face. Having shown these difficulties, Plantinga is now able to set the stage for his externalist approach to warrant. This he does by explaining our design function: Any well formed human being who is in an epistemically congenial environment and whose intellectual faculties are in good working order will typically take for granted at least three things: that she has existed for some time, that she has had many thoughts and feelings, and that she is not a thought or feeling (Plantinga 50).He then examines three apparent weak points of externalism and show not only are they strong points, only a fool would challenge them: memory, other persons, and testimony. In the nature of the case we do not have basic beliefs about these three entities in the sense that evidentialism and classic foundationalism require (especially memory and testimony; solipsism has a host of problems beyond this). Throughout this defense we see the vindication of Thomas Reid.The book is quite difficult and technical, though. The sections on probability will lose all but the most formidable philosophers. While reading these chapters one is reminded of Eowyn’s comments to Merry before the battle: “Courage, Merry; it will soon be over.”He then gives a (mostly) wonderfully lucid discussion of coherentism, classic foundationalism, and Reidian foundationalism. Coherentism sees truth as a source of warrant in the existing relations of one’s beliefs: does a belief “cohere” and “mesh” in a larger noetic structure? Plantinga suggests this is inadequate because coherentism only tells us of the doxastic relationships between beliefs. Warrant, by contrast, needs far more, experience among other things (179). Classical foundationalism is wrong because it is self-referentially incoherent. It is not the case that the foundationalist claim (a belief is properly basic because it is either self-evident to me or immediately present to my senses) meets its own criteria: it is not self-evidently true nor is it available to the senses (182). This leaves us with Plantinga’s position: Reidian foundationalism. If a belief is formed in proper circumstances according to its proper cognitive design, it has warrant.Conclusion:The book began well and ended well. The middle sections were good, too, but likely only of interest to the most doughty of analytic philosophers. While I agree with Plantinga’s thesis, there are some shortcomings (but these can be excused because they have been treated in later works). The section on Reidian foundationalism, for example, while fundamentally sound, seemed to lack, forgive the pun, coherence in articulation. I kept seeing what RF was not in relation to classical foundationalism, but very little on what it was. The final chapters on naturalism are interesting, but have since been further refined in Plantinga’s later works. ### ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Watch a master philosopher DOING philosophy *by P***G on Reviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on April 10, 2006* Reading and rereading this book is a treat. Plantinga is not just giving you his conclusions. It is almost as if you are sitting with him while he is working through the issues at hand and explaining his reasoning to you. You read as he carefully considers evidence and counter-evidence. His tentative conclusions never seem to outstretch the evidence that he has marshaled thus far. The opportunity to observe one of the world's great living philosophers at work should not be missed.This book is the second in a trilogy. In the first volume, Warrant: The Current Debate, Plantinga carefully dealt with current theories in epistemology, specifically with the concept that is commonly referred to in the literature as justification. He showed how the other theories, though valuable in furthering the debate, are still lacking in specific ways.In this volume, Plantinga lays out his own theory. He shows how it relates to other theories, and how it better deals with (or fails to deal with) certain recurring epistemological problems. As a reader, I appreciate his sense of humor and most of all, his humility. He doesn't jump up and down, call you names, and try to convince you that he is right when he knows that problems still remain (Dennett and Dawkins could learn from this; doing so would enhance their credibility). He `fesses up to the problems that must still be overcome. In doing so, he is making a valuable contribution to a conversation that began with Plato in Theaetetus, and is setting the agenda for further research. ### ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ Brilliant, and the Correct Theory of Knowledge *by H***K on Reviewed in the United States 🇺🇸 on January 29, 2014* Plantinga, in this book, states in detail his reformed epistemology and what he takes to be the necessary and sufficient conditions for warrant(that which transforms a mere true belief into knowledge). This seems to be the most complete theory of knowledge to date, and I have yet to see a good counterexample. Furthermore, this monumental work shows that belief in God can absolutely be considered knowledge if held firmly enough. A Christian(or theist, in general) can rightly take their belief in God as basic(and properly basic at that).I cannot recommend this book enough! --- ## Why Shop on Desertcart? - 🛒 **Trusted by 1.3+ Million Shoppers** — Serving international shoppers since 2016 - 🌍 **Shop Globally** — Access 737+ million products across 21 categories - 💰 **No Hidden Fees** — All customs, duties, and taxes included in the price - 🔄 **15-Day Free Returns** — Hassle-free returns (30 days for PRO members) - 🔒 **Secure Payments** — Trusted payment options with buyer protection - ⭐ **TrustPilot Rated 4.5/5** — Based on 8,000+ happy customer reviews **Shop now:** [https://www.desertcart.pl/products/9242661-warrant-and-proper-function](https://www.desertcart.pl/products/9242661-warrant-and-proper-function) --- *Product available on Desertcart Poland* *Store origin: PL* *Last updated: 2026-04-22*